08.04.2020

Symmetric Key Generate Callable Service

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Symmetric Key Generate Callable Service Definition
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Generating Symmetric Private Key In C# and.NET. Major symmetric algorithms are AES, DES, RC2, Rijndael, and TripleDES. The GenerateKey and GenerateIV methods return the private secret key and initialization vector. Exchanging symmetric keys and their attributes with non-CCA systems using the TR-31 key block. Generating PKA keys. Application programs can use the PKA key generate callable service to generate ECC and RSA private keys. Managing Symmetric Cryptographic Keys. This topic describes the callable services that generate and maintain cryptographic keys. Using ICSF, you can generate keys using either the key generator utility program or the key generate callable service. ICSF provides a number of callable services to assist you in managing and distributing keys.

A symmetric key is a secret that encrypts and decrypts a message in symmetric-key cryptography.

In Azure Active Directory (Azure AD), when you create a service principal object to represent an application, the process also generates a 256-bit symmetric key to verify the application. This symmetric key is valid for one year by default.

The following steps show how to renew the symmetric key.

Prerequisites

Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) PowerShell module must be installed as directed in the Azure AD Powershell Reference.

Renewing the symmetric key after expiry

You don't have to create a new service principal when the symmetric key associated with your application has expired. Instead, you can use the PowerShell commandlets provided by Microsoft Online Services (MSol) to issue a new symmetric key for an existing service principal.

To illustrate this process, let's assume you have already created a new service principal using the New-MsolServicePrincipal command.

The creation process creates a symmetric key and an AppPrincipalId as shown.

This symmetric key expires on 3/22/2018 at 3:27:53PM. To use the service principal beyond this time, you need to renew the symmetric key. To do so, use the New-MsolServicePrincipalCredential command.

This creates a new symmetric key for the specified AppPrincipalId.

You can use the GetMsolServicePrincipalCredential command to verify that the new symmetric key is associated with the correct service principal as shown. Notice that the command lists all keys that currently associated with the service principal.

Once you have verified that the symmetric key is indeed associated with the right service principal, you can update the service principal's authentication parameters with the new key.

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You can then remove the old symmetric key using the Remove-MsolServicePrincipalCredential command and verify that the key is removed using the Get-MsolServicePrincipalCredential command.

Prerequisites

To define a Web Service, a service definition gets used on ABAP systems. Each Web Service provider binding in ABAP is refering to a service definition as its basis. An ABAP service definition is practically a wrapper object keeping a link to the Web Service implementing class or function module and the DT configuration. The DT configuration is a collection of requirements for a Web Service which are already known at DT. It specify basic attributes (e.g. if operations are synchronously or asynchronously processed) and minimum requirements for a binding it has to keep for accessing the Web Service (e.g. the minimum authentication level required).

Procedure

To configure a Web Service provider, perform the following steps.

Start SOA Manager
Use the transaction code SOAMANAGER to start the ABAP SOA Manager.
The SOA Manager is an ABAP WebDynpro application. It is like each regular WD application using an ICF node for accessing it. You may use transaction SICF to check that the ICF node for SOA Manager transaction (/sap/bc/webdynpro/sap/appl_soap_management) is active.
More information about this subject: SAP Note 1124553 and 1088717.
From the main screen of the SOA Manager, go to the Service Administration tab
Choose Web Service Configuration
Select Service Definition from the Search by menu, and specify a service definition
Here in this configuration example, we will use the service definition SRT_TEST_PROVIDER.
Select the Go button
The service definition is displayed in the Search Results
Each service definition can be uniquely identified by an internal ABAP name (char 30 in capital letters) and an external qualified name (i.e. a name with namespace and name part). The user input for the search is used to search case-insensitive for the internal and the external name (only the name component of the external name) of a service definition.
Select the row and choose Apply Selection
Existing services and bindings are displayed.

You may see multiple services each with at least one binding. If you have a service with multiple bindings, then the same service provides via different runtime configurations alternative ways for accessing the service.
Choose Create
A dialog box is displayed, where the identifying information about a new provider binding must get specified. You have to specify a service name, a binding name, and a service description.
If the service name specified in the dialog box already exists, a new binding is assigned to the existing service. If you specify a new service name, a completely new service and binding are created based on the service and binding name specified in the dialog box.
Choose Apply Settings
The configuration view is displayed where the details for the new binding get specified. You may need to scroll down in the browser window to see this view completely.
At this stage, the new binding is not configured and has not yet been saved. Only default settings are selected where applicable. note, that the security settings do not have default settings for the new binding and thus must be specifed explicitly.

Go to the Provider Security tab
In this view the security settings on the new binding get specified.

The provider security settings displayed fall into two main categories:

the communication security, i.e. settings dealing with the security while the message is on the network, and
the authentication method to be used for identifying the user environment on the Web Service provider system.

For the communication security settings in this example, we use the ABAP NGAP (SAP_BASIS 8.x) codeline options on this UI view. You can see the following alternatives for the provider binding:

None: The HTTP protocol gets used, i.e. there is no encryption taking place on the WS messages on the network
SSL: The HTTPS protocol gets used (SSL = Secure Socket Layer), i.e. the HTTP message containing the WS message gets encrypted. This provides for integrity and privacy protection. SSL also provides server side authentication (the server identifies itself to the provider). The client side authentication (on connection establishment the consumer idnetifies itself to the provider) can be enforced by selectiong the X.509 Client Certificate option in the Authentication section below. The combination of both provides a mutual authentication.
The following options are mainly implementations of OASIS security standards like WS Security and WS Secure Conversation.
Symmetric Message Signature / Encryption: Secures the data exchange on the WS (SOAP) message level. The SOAP message will be signed and encrypted where both the signature and the encryption is calculated using a symmetric session key. This key is created by the consumer to be used for the complete request/response cycle. The symmetric key itself will be transferred in encrypted format using the provider’s public key of its Public-Private-Key-pair.
More information
Asymmetric Message Signature / Encryption: Secures the data exchange on the WS (SOAP) message level. The SOAP message will be signed and encrypted. The signature is computed using the consumer’s private asymmetric key. The encryption is calculated using a symmetric session key which is created by the consumer for the request to the provider. The provider will generate a new symmetric key for the response encryption. The symmetric key itself will be transferred in encrypted format using the provider’s asymmetric public key.
More information

In addition, you can specify via checkboxes, if you want to switch on secure conversation and extended header and signature protection.

Secure Conversation: If Secure Conversation is selected in addition to another communication security option, the SOAP message will be signed and encrypted using a symmetric session key. This key will be used for multiple request/response cycles till the Secure Conversation session gets terminated, e.g. on a termination of a WS Reliable Message sequence. The chosen communication security in together with the chosen authentication method will be used to establish the Secure Conversation session.
More information
Extended header and signature protection: This will provide additional means of protecting SOAP message like Signature Encryption, Signature confirmation and SOAP Header encryption
More information

For the authentication settings, your have the following options available to specify the authentication method or methods to be used.

No Authentication: This specifies that your service is considered to be a public WS. The authentication is done with a fixed user account specified as additional input on choosing this option. The user account will be stored in the binding's ICF node as service user.
Transport Channel Authentication: The authentication is done by means of the transport channel. You specify a User ID/Password, a X.509 client certificate or a SAP assertion ticket authentication. The authentication information for User ID/Password and SAP assertion ticket authentication will be transferred as http header.
Logon and Assertion Ticket
Using User ID and Password Authentication
X.509 SSL Client Certificate only works in combination with Communication Security SSL where authentication is performed inside the SSL Layer.
More information
Message Authentication: The authentication is done in the WS message itself as defined in the WS-Security standard. The authentication information is transferred within the SOAP security header. You can specify these kinds of messag authentication:
- User ID/password (Username Token),
- X.509 certificate (X509 Token) or
- Single Sign On using SAML (SAML Token).
  More information
  In case you selected option Single Sign On using SAML as message based authentication method, this table shows what subject confirmation method the provider will expect. This is particularly important when calling a SAP Web Service with a non-SAP consumer. The SAML subject confirmation method mainly depends on the chosen Communication Security setting.

Communication Security Setting	Sender-Vouches	Holder-of-Key
None (HTTP)
SSL (HTTPS, Transport Channel Security)
Asymmetric Message Signature/Encryption
SSL + Secure Token Service Issuer selected
Symmetric Message Signature/Encryption

The communication security setting Symmetric Message Signature/Encryption always mean Holder-of-Key subject confirmation. All other settings default to Sender-Vouches.
If you however selected SSL in conjunction with a Token Issuer in section Secure Token Service Settings, the Holder-of-Key subject confirmation method will be expected by the provider.
For more information about Single Sign-On mechanisms and the distinction between Transport Channel authentication and Message authentication consult the following SAP documentation link:
Single Sign-On for Web Services

You can find configuration examples via this link:
Configuration Examples for AS ABAP

The security features do not run 'out-of-the-box', i.e. you have to prepare the ABAP system to use the security mechanisms offered in this view. Especilly the message based authentication need preparation via the report WSS_SETUP to run properly.
Refer to the SAP security online documentation for more details on the setup.

You need to select at least one option from the authentication method section before the service can be saved. You may even select multiple methods, so the bindings serves different authentications simultanously.

You cannot mix transport level and message based authentication methods within one binding. If you want to make the service available for both transport level and message level authentication, you have to specify different bindings for the service.

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These settings constitute the minimum security settings required to call this Web Service.

The settings permitted in the provider security settings are based on the security settings of the service definition specified in ABAP Development Workbench.

Save the binding
When the binding gets saved, it is displayed in the list of configurations belonging to the selected service definition. The new binding is now accessible under its access URL by WS consumers. Also it is now possible that this binding is providing a WSDL document to describe itself.
To display the Access URL for the binding, go to the Transport Settings tab

The access URL path is displayed in the Calculated Access URL field in the Transport Settings tab. You can also define an alternative URL path for the calls in case your provider can only use a fixed access path. The access path that you set in the field Alternative Access Path adds one additional, alternative access path to the Web Service. Due to the restrictions of the ICF framework, that alternative access path can only be used once in the system (in NGAP per SAP client).
The access URL is the URL to which the consumer sends its Web Service SOAP request. The access URL is part of the service WSDL document.

Result

You have now configured a Web Service provider (aka. 'Web Service'), and this provider can now be called by a consumer.
For the Web Service a WSDL document is also now available; the WSDL-URL can be seen via the Overview tab and, if maintained, you can test the Web Service via a testpage of the SAP J2EE engine.

More information:
How to find Web Service WSDL in SOA Manager
Web Service Testing Using the J2EE Server Web Service Navigator