Today we will discuss how to generate a self-signed SSL certificate on Linux. SSL is on a lot of people’s minds today. With free Let’s Encrypt certificates becoming extremely common, there’s no reason for anyone to not use SSL – not to mention the search ranking benefits, and the fact that browsers will trust your site.

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1. Apr 09, 2020 Generate a CA private key file using a utility (OpenSSL, cfssl etc) Create the CA root certificate using the CA private key. Server Certificate Creation Process. Generate a server private key using a utility (OpenSSL, cfssl etc) Create a CSR using the server private key. Generate the server certificate using CA key, CA cert and Server CSR.
2. Openssl rsa -in server.key -out nopassword.key Note: Enter the pass phrase of the Private Key. Combine the private key, public certificate and any 3rd party intermediate certificate files: cat nopassword.key server.pem cat server.crt server.pem.

However, you can also create your own self-signed SSL certificate for private use on your server. One big reason to do this is encryption. While your personal certificate won’t mean anything to browsers, and visitors will still get a warning message if they visit your site directly, you can at least be sure that you’re protected against “man-in-the-middle” attacks. A self-signed certificate is a good first step when you’re just testing things out on your server, and perhaps don’t even have a domain name yet.

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So here’s a step by step procedure on how to create a self-signed SSL certificate on Linux.

Step 1: Create an RSA Keypair

The first step is to use the “openssl” package on Linux/CentOS to create an RSA key pair. To do this, make sure that you have the package installed. If not, install it with:

A Collaborative Project from Linux Foundation provided letsencrypt.org for free of cost, This can be used for any type of websites or in any place where you required to encrypt the communications. To create an SSL certificate first we need to generate a CSR file and submit with the certificate authority. Jul 17, 2017  How to Generate pem file to ssh the server without Password in Linux. July 17, 2017 July 18. The main file extensions are.pem,.crt,.ca-bundle. A PEM certificate is a base64. Generate an RSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt. Damian Myerscough shares an easy way to create self signed SSL certificates. SUSE uses cookies to give you the best online experience. If you continue to use this site, you agree to the use of cookies.

Chances are that you already have it available on your system. If so, generate the key/pair using the following command:

This command uses 2048 bit encryption and outputs a file called “keypair.key” as shown here:

As you can see, the key has been generated and placed in the current directory.

Step 2: Extract the Private Key into an “httpd” Folder

The “/etc/httpd” folder is where the system keeps all the important SSL related stuff. So first, let’s create a new folder to hold all the files relating to our private key:

I’ve called the folder “httpscertificate” and will refer to it for all the other command line examples.

To extract the private key from the keypair file that we just created, type in the following:

Replace the section in bold with the IP address of your own server. Or if you’re able to access your site with a domain name, you can use that as well.

This will create a “key” file in the folder that we just created. And when that’s done, we can delete the original keypair file:

Step 3: Creating a “Certificate Signing Request” or CSR File

With the key, we can create a special “csr” file that we can either sign ourselves or submit to a “Certificate Authority”. It’s in a standardized format. To create it, type the following command:

Again, replace the items in bold with the IP address or domain name that you settled on in step 2. When you run this command, the tool will ask you for a bunch of personal information:

A CA can use these details to verify that you are indeed who you say you are. Fill up as much information as you can.

Once you’ve finished entering these details, the tool will wrap up its work and place a “csr” file in the directory we created for just this purpose.

Step 4: Creating the Certificate “.crt” File

With the CSR, we can create the final certificate file as follows:

This creates a “crt” file along with all the others. Here’s a screenshot of the final files in our security folder:

Now we need to tell Apache where these files are.

Step 5: Configuring Apache to Use the Files

First, we need to install the “mod_ssl” package with the command:

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Once done, this will place a “ssl.conf” file inside the /etc/httpd/conf.d/ folder. We need to modify this default file:

Now scroll down till you find the lines starting with:

Change the default paths with the paths to the certificate file and key file respectively as shown here:

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Save your changes. Now just restart Apache with:

And you’re done! When Apache restarts, it will be configured to allow SSL connections.

When you connect to your IP address via HTTPS the next time, you’ll be warned that it’s not a trusted certificate:

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That’s ok. We know this since we signed it ourselves! Just proceed and it’ll take you to the final site:

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Here you can see that it’s using the certificate that we created. It’s not much use for anyone else visiting your site since they can’t verify your identity. But you know it’s safe, and moreover that it’s encrypted. No man in the middle attacks!

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