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Azure Key Vault helps you protect secrets such as the API keys and database connection strings needed to access your applications, services, and IT resources.
In this tutorial, you set up an Azure web application to read information from Azure Key Vault by using managed identities for Azure resources. You learn how to:
- Create a key vault
- Store a secret in your key vault
- Create a Linux virtual machine
- Enable a managed identity for the virtual machine
- Grant the required permissions for the console application to read data from the key vault
- Retrieve a secret from your key vault
Before you go any further, make sure you understand the basic concepts about Key Vault.
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Prerequisites
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- Git.
- An Azure subscription. If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.
- Azure CLI version 2.0.4 or later or Azure Cloud Shell.
Use Azure Cloud Shell
Azure hosts Azure Cloud Shell, an interactive shell environment that you can use through your browser. You can use either Bash or PowerShell with Cloud Shell to work with Azure services. You can use the Cloud Shell preinstalled commands to run the code in this article without having to install anything on your local environment.
To start Azure Cloud Shell:
Option | Example/Link |
---|---|
Select Try It in the upper-right corner of a code block. Selecting Try It doesn't automatically copy the code to Cloud Shell. | |
Go to https://shell.azure.com, or select the Launch Cloud Shell button to open Cloud Shell in your browser. | |
Select the Cloud Shell button on the menu bar at the upper right in the Azure portal. |
To run the code in this article in Azure Cloud Shell:
Start Cloud Shell.
Select the Copy button on a code block to copy the code.
Paste the code into the Cloud Shell session by selecting Ctrl+Shift+V on Windows and Linux or by selecting Cmd+Shift+V on macOS.
Select Enter to run the code.
Understand Managed Service Identity
Azure Key Vault can store credentials securely so they aren't in your code. To retrieve them, you need to authenticate to Azure Key Vault. However, to authenticate to Key Vault, you need a credential. It's a classic bootstrap problem. Through Azure and Azure Active Directory (Azure AD), Managed Service Identity (MSI) provides a bootstrap identity that makes it simpler to get things started.
When you enable MSI for an Azure service like Virtual Machines, App Service, or Functions, Azure creates a service principal for the instance of the service in Azure AD. It injects the credentials for the service principal into the instance of the service.
Next, your code calls a local metadata service available on the Azure resource to get an access token. Your code uses the access token that it gets from the local MSI endpoint to authenticate to an Azure Key Vault service.
Sign in to Azure
To sign in to Azure by using the Azure CLI, enter:
Create a resource group
An Azure resource group is a logical container into which Azure resources are deployed and managed.
Create a resource group by using the az group create
command in the West US location with the following code. Replace YourResourceGroupName
with a name of your choice.
You use this resource group throughout the tutorial.
Create a key vault
Next, you create a key vault in the resource group that you created in the previous step. Provide the following information:
- Key vault name: The name must be a string of 3-24 characters and must contain only 0-9, a-z, A-Z, and hyphens (-).
- Resource group name.
- Location: West US.
At this point, your Azure account is the only one that's authorized to perform any operations on this new vault.
Add a secret to the key vault
We're adding a secret to help illustrate how this works. You might want to store a SQL connection string or any other information that needs to be both kept secure and available to your application.
Type the following commands to create a secret in the key vault called AppSecret. This secret will store the value MySecret.
Create a Linux virtual machine
Create a VM by using the az vm create
command.
The following example creates a VM named myVM and adds a user account named azureuser. The --generate-ssh-keys
parameter automatically generates an SSH key and puts it in the default key location (~/.ssh). To create a specific set of keys instead, use the --ssh-key-value
option.
It takes a few minutes to create the VM and supporting resources. The following example output shows that the VM creation was successful:
Make a note of your own publicIpAddress
in the output from your VM. You'll use this address to access the VM in later steps.
Assign an identity to the VM
Create a system-assigned identity to the virtual machine by running the following command:
The output of the command is as follows.
Make a note of the systemAssignedIdentity
. You use it the next step.
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Give the VM identity permission to Key Vault
Now you can give Key Vault permission to the identity you created. Run the following command:
Log in to the VM
Log in to the virtual machine by using a terminal.
Install Python library on the VM
Download and install the requests Python library to make HTTP GET calls.
Create, edit, and run the sample Python app
Create a Python file called Sample.py.
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Open Sample.py and edit it to contain the following code:
The preceding code performs a two-step process:
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- Fetches a token from the local MSI endpoint on the VM. The endpoint then fetches a token from Azure Active Directory.
- Passes the token to the key vault and fetches your secret.
Run the following command. You should see the secret value.
In this tutorial, you learned how to use Azure Key Vault with a Python app running on a Linux virtual machine.
Clean up resources
Delete the resource group, virtual machine, and all related resources when you no longer need them. To do so, select the resource group for the VM and select Delete.
Delete the key vault by using the az keyvault delete
command:
Next steps
This little app helps you to not commit your secrets to a repo and addsa nice way of exporting/importing secrets for a new deployment or automated testing with environment variables.
Though this never happened to me during coding, Travis had some problems to reliably execute the testsand hot load the new secrets, so I had move the secrets module into the my_secrets package to not havetwo modules named secrets. Python obviously cant handle that. Lesson learned after about 40 Travis builds. :(
django-secrets is working under Django 1.5+ and Python 2.7, 3.5 and 3.6
Installation
Usage
After installing the package please add it to your INSTALLED_APPS
settings.
Because we want to be able to hide our secret settings, we have to altermanage.py to run some code before the Django magic happens. Openmanage.py
and alter it like this:
Now that the check is in place, run manage.py
to initialize yourproject. This will create a new my_secrets package in your project root withthe following contents:
The package also features a .gitignore file to prevent you from checkingin any secrets to git. Now open definitions.py
to add your secretsto the list. Start with the Django secret key for example. When you aredone adding all secrets, run manage.py
again and you will be asked toenter your secrets.
Now you can remove your secrets from settings.py
and instead replacethem like this:
Since the secrets are saved in a normal python package, you can just usethem the normal way including code completion, but now they are safe! :)
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Import / Export
This package adds a new management command: export_secrets
. Thiswill print out export statements so you can easily create environmentvariables on a new machine and let the check
function do the restfor you, because it will also read in any known environment variables assecret values. This is quite handy for dynamically spawned instances orCI testing.
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Have fun and stay safe!