Generate Easy Rsa Key Mac Openvpn
- Dsa Key
- Generate Easy Rsa Key Mac Openvpn Password
- Generate A Static Openvpn Key
- Openvpn Easy Rsa Windows
Nov 26, 2018 # easy-rsa parameter settings # NOTE: If you installed from an RPM, # don't edit this file in place in # /usr/share/openvpn/easy-rsa - # instead, you should copy the whole # easy-rsa directory to another location # (such as /etc/openvpn) so that your # edits will not be wiped out by a future # OpenVPN package upgrade. Easy-RSA v3 OpenVPN Howto. This Howto walks through the use of Easy-RSA v3 with OpenVPN. Process Overview. The best way to create a PKI for OpenVPN is to separate your CA duty from each server & client. The CA should ideally be on a secure environment (whatever that means to you.) Loss/theft of the CA key destroys the security of the entire PKI.
Creating certificates and keys for OpenVPN server with EasyRSA on MacOS Step 1: Resolve MacOS Dependencies. This guide assumes that you’re running MacOS Sierra or later. Step 2: Download EasyRSA. Go to and download. Step 3: Configure EasyRSA. To use Easy-RSA to set up a new OpenVPN PKI, you will: Set up a CA PKI and build a root CA Configure secondary PKI environments on your server and each client and generate a keypair & request on them Send the certificate requests to the CA, where the CA signs and returns a valid certificate On your OpenVPN. Feb 26, 2014 howto Openvpn server, using easy-rsa3 to create keys and certs Posted on February 26, 2014 by johnspi # Using SD card with '2014-01-07-wheezy-raspbian armhf'. 9659015 Step 1 – Install OpenVPN and Easy-RSA First, we will add the EPEL (Extra Package for Enterprise Linux) layer and install the latest OpenVPN package and download the easy-rsa script to CentOS 8- system.
The first step when setting up OpenVPN is to create a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). In summary, this consists of:
- A public master Certificate Authority (CA) certificate and a private key.
- A separate public certificate and private key pair for each server.
- A separate public certificate and private key pair for each client.
One can think of the key-based authentication in terms similar to that of how SSH keys work with the added layer of a signing authority (the CA). OpenVPN relies on a bidirectional authentication strategy, so the client must authenticate the server's certificate and in parallel, the server must authenticate the client's certificate. This is accomplished by the 3rd party's signature (the CA) on both the client and server certificates. Once this is established, further checks are performed before the authentication is complete. For more details, see secure-computing's guide.
Note:- The process outlined below requires users to securely transfer private key files to/from machines. For the purposes of this guide, using scp is shown, but readers may employ alternative methods as well. Since the Arch default is to deny the root user over ssh, using scp requires transferring ownership of the files to be exported to a non-root user called foo throughout the guide.
- Avoid generating keys on devices without a good entropy source. See [1]. Sometimes, cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators can be used.
- 2OpenVPN server files
- 3OpenVPN client files
- 4Sign the certificates and pass them back to the server and clients
- 5Revoking certificates and alerting the OpenVPN server
Certificate Authority (CA)
For security purposes, it is recommended that the CA machine be separate from the machine running OpenVPN.
On the CA machine, install easy-rsa, initialize a new PKI and generate a CA keypair that will be used to sign certificates:
Starting from OpenVPN 2.4, one can also use elliptic curves for TLS connections (e.g. tls-cipher TLS-ECDHE-ECDSA-WITH-AES-256-GCM-SHA384). Elliptic curve cryptography provides more security and eliminates the need for a Diffie-Hellman parameters file. See [2] and [3].
Append the following lines to /etc/easy-rsa/vars
to make Easy-RSA use elliptic curves:
Now set up PKI and generate a CA certificate:
OpenVPN server files
A functional OpenVPN server requires the following:
- The CA's public certificate
- The Diffie-Hellman (DH) parameters file (required by TLS mode when not using TLS with elliptic curves).
- The server key pair (a public certificate and a private key).
- The Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) key.
Upon completing the steps outlined in this article, users will have generated the following files on the server:
/etc/openvpn/server/ca.crt
/etc/openvpn/server/dh.pem
(not when using TLS with elliptic curves)/etc/openvpn/server/servername.crt
and/etc/openvpn/server/servername.key
/etc/openvpn/server/ta.key
CA public certificate
The CA public certificate /etc/easy-rsa/pki/ca.crt
generated in the previous step needs to be copied over to the machine that will be running OpenVPN.
On the CA machine:
On the OpenVPN server machine:
Server certificate and private key
On the OpenVPN server machine, install easy-rsa and generate a key pair for the server:
This will create two files:
/etc/easy-rsa/pki/reqs/servername.req
/etc/easy-rsa/pki/private/servername.key
Diffie-Hellman (DH) parameters file
On the OpenVPN server machine, create the initial dh.pem file:
Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) key
On the OpenVPN server machine, create the HMAC key:
This will be used to add an additional HMAC signature to all SSL/TLS handshake packets. In addition any UDP packet not having the correct HMAC signature will be immediately dropped, protecting against:
- Portscanning.
- DOS attacks on the OpenVPN UDP port.
- SSL/TLS handshake initiations from unauthorized machines.
- Any eventual buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the SSL/TLS implementation.
OpenVPN client files
Client certificate and private key
Any machine can generate client files provided that easy-rsa is installed.
If the pki is not initialized, do so via:
Generate the client key and certificate:
This will create two files:
/etc/easy-rsa/pki/reqs/client1.req
/etc/easy-rsa/pki/private/client1.key
The gen-req set can be repeated as many times as needed for additional clients.
Sign the certificates and pass them back to the server and clients
Obtain and sign the certificates on the CA
The server and client(s) certificates need to be signed by the CA then transferred back to the OpenVPN server/client(s).
On the OpenVPN server (or the box used to generate the certificate/key pairs):
Securely transfer the files to the CA machine for signing:
On the CA machine, import and sign the certificate requests:
This will create the following signed certificates which can be transferred back to their respective machines:
/etc/easy-rsa/pki/issued/servername.crt
/etc/easy-rsa/pki/issued/client1.crt
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The leftover .req files can be safely deleted:
Pass the signed certificates back to the server and client(s)
On the CA machine, copy the signed certificates and transfer them to the server/client(s):
On the OpenVPN server, move the certificates in place and reassign ownership.For the server:
For the client:
That is it. To generate the client profile. See: OpenVPN#ovpngen.
Revoking certificates and alerting the OpenVPN server
Revoke a certificate
Over time, it may become necessary to revoke a certificate thus denying access to the affected user(s). This example revokes the 'client1' certificate.
On the CA machine:
This will produce the CRL file /etc/easy-rsa/pki/crl.pem
that needs to be transferred to the OpenVPN server and made active there.
Alert the OpenVPN server
On the CA machine:
On the OpenVPN machine, copy crl.pem
and inform the server to read it:
Edit /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf
uncommenting the crl-verify directive, then restart openvpn-server@server.service to re-read it:
Abbreviated example specifically for containerized Openvpn
This section is specifically for users wanting to run Openvpn in a Linux container (LXC). The code below is designed to be pasted into a root shell; the standard hash has been omitted to allow for easy copy/paste operations. It is recommended to have two different shell windows open, one for the host and one for the container.
Note:- It is assumed that the CA machine is the host and the server machine is the container.
- Both the host and container need to have both openvpn and easy-rsa installed.
- The container needs to be running.
- Define the name of the container in the CONTAINERNAME variable below.
On the host:
In the container:
Back on the host:
That will provide the needed files to make an OpenVPN compatible tunnel profile for the client, and the needed server key files for the server. To generate a client profile, refer to OpenVPN#ovpngen.
See also
- README.quickstart.
- EASYRSA-Advanced.
It is possible to generate your certificates on the router itself if you don't have access to a Linux machine, or if you don't have a Windows client installed with Easy-RSA. Easy-RSA is a simple to use environment that is bundled with OpenVPN, and has been included in Asuswrt-Merlin.
Setting up the environment
Dsa Key
The first step is to initialize your work environment. Ideally this should be done on a USB disk (formatted to ext2, ext3 or ext4 (for ARM-based devices)), but it can be done in /tmp (make sure you DO keep a copy of everything generated there, because it will be lost the next time you reboot the router!). For this example, we will be using a USB disk mounted under /mnt/sda1. First, copy the easy-rsa scripts by running the following command:
setuprsa.sh /mnt/sda1
This will create an easy-rsa folder on your USB disk, and copy all the required scripts there. Then, enter that new directory:
cd /mnt/sda1/easy-rsa
Now step you will probably want to change the default values offered while generating the certificates. Edit the file named 'vars', either through the built-in 'vi' editor (not recommended for novice users), or by installing the 'nano' editor using Optware, or simply by copying the file edited on your computer. The only fields you might want to change are these:
- export KEY_COUNTRY='US'
- export KEY_PROVINCE='CA'
- export KEY_CITY='SanFrancisco'
- export KEY_ORG='Fort-Funston'
- export KEY_EMAIL='me@myhost.mydomain'
- export KEY_EMAIL=mail@host.domain
- export KEY_CN=changeme
- export KEY_NAME=changeme
- export KEY_OU=changeme
You can also adjust the expiration date for keys if desired. I do not recommend changing the expiration date for the CA, neither the key size - increasing from 1024 bytes will have a performance impact.
Once done, setup the environment by running the script this way:
source ./vars
There, initialize the environment:
./clean-all
Your environment is now ready to be used to generate your certificates.
Generating the certificates
First, you need to generate your Certificate Authority (CA). This will be the 'master' key and certificate, which will be used to sign all client certificates, or revoke their access. Make sure you store this in a safe, secure location (preferably NOT on the router itself!). To generate the CA pair:
./build-ca
The Common Name (CN) is the most important field, as it will be what identifies your router.
Now, we need to build a router key/certificate pair:
./build-key-server server1
Use any name you want instead of 'server1', but make sure that when asked for the Common Name that you enter the exact same name. When asked to sign and to commit the new certificate, answer 'y' to both questions.
Export the RSA Public Key to a FileThis is a command that isopenssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pemThe -pubout flag is really important. Be sure to include it.Next open the public.pem and ensure that it starts with-BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-.
Next, let's build one client key/certificate pair. Same procedure (and once again pay attention to the Common Name, which must match the name you are specifying here instead of client1):
./build-key client1
Generate Easy Rsa Key Mac Openvpn Password
You can create as many client keypairs as you need. The CA file will be what determines which keys are allowed to connect.
One last thing - we need to generate the Diffie Hellman parameters (DH file), which is used to secure the key exchange between client and router. Run the following command:
./build-dh
This operation can take a minute or two due to the low performance of the router's CPU (compared to a desktop).
All the generated files will now be located in the keys/ subdirectory. Once again, make SURE you copy these in a safe location! You now have all the required keys and certificates to configure your OpenVPN server.
Generate A Static Openvpn Key
If you need additional information, take a look at this excellent tutorial designed for Tomato.
Openvpn Easy Rsa Windows
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